Unsung Hero - JJ Waterstone

Degree of freedom sawifiah hmasa ang aw

Thil chet dan (mechanics) lam lo zir thinte chuan kan hre tawh viau ang a. Physics lam zir miah lo hnena sawifiah erawh a har fu thin, mahse sawifiah ka’n tum ang e.

Thil engpawh hi a chet vaih chuan nihna (physical sytem) danglam a nei hmiah a. Chu a nihna thar chuan thununtu a nei zel a ni. Entirnan: Kawng ngil takah Car i khalh ta a, chu i Car khalh chu a chet avangin nihna thar a nei a ni. Chu a thil thar neih chu chakna a ni. Mi tu emaw han su palh vaih teh, a thih loh vek paw’n Civil Hospital casuality lam chu in tibuai chiang ngawt ang. I kuttumin na taka a hnek theih ai pawha na zawkin i Car khan mihring kha a hliam thei tlat a ni.

I Car-in chakna a neih theihna chu engti zawngin nge kan teh theih ang le… A nihna takah chuan i Car kha a chet sawn avangin chakna a nei a lo ni mai. Chu a chakna chu hre turin a kal thui zawng (spatial) chu a hun hman zat nen sem la, chuan i hmuh chhuah chu amah leh amah puntir bawk la, 0.5 leh car rihzawng nen han puntir leh ta la, a lo chhuak mai ang.

Car chakna hriltu chu a chet sawn theihna a ni mai tihna a nih chu. Chumi awmzia chu car chuan a awm hmun avanga a nihna neih theih zat (degree of freedom) chu pakhat chauh tihna a ni. Hriat fiah a la har tho maithei. Hriat fiah piah lama pawm chi a ni zawk mah maithei bawk. Degree of freedom hi sawifiah awl tak a ni a, chutih rualin a kawh tak erawh hriat sual a awl hle bawk.

Engkim mai hi atom siam a ni tih kan hre vek ang a. Atom chuan molecule an siam leh a. Tin, atom pakhat chauh pawh hian molecule a siam thei bawk. Chu’ng ho chu monoatomic molecule an ti a. Noble element kan tih ho zawng zawng Helium, Neon, ldt., hi an ni vek a ni. Heng ho hi boruak (space) ah an awmin degree of freedom pathum an nei ve thung a ni. An neih dan chu a zir lo tan hriatthiam a har viau maithei a. Pawl XI Mathematics zir tan chuan hriatchian loh tur a awm hauh lo thung. Engpawh hi boruak (space) a a awm chuan a awm hmun sawifiah turin kil thum (3 coordinates) atangin kan teh a ngai thin a. A chhan pawh kil thum emaw hawi zawng pathum emaw ah a nihna (physical system) a insem tlat a ni. 

Di-atomic molecule kan tih thin te erawh hi chuan an virtheihna (rotation) avangin nihna dang pahnih an nei tel a, chuvangin degree of freedom panga lai an nei bik a ni. Chumi awmzia chu di-atomic molecule chet avanga a thahrui  pek nat zawng hmuchhuak turin thil panga hawizawng inang lo thiau i mamawh dawn tihna a nih chu. A chiang em aw… Hriatfiah a la har maithei. Hmaichhanah hrilh thei che ni ta ila i man viau tur a le…mahse a theih tlat si loh a nih hi.

Sawi lut tan dawn teh ang aw 

Jan thla chho velah hian Zawlkhawpui chu a la vawt viau maithei a, chutih lai chuan kan awmna khua – Hyderabad leh Mumbai erawh hi chu a danglam deuh. Mumbai phei chu lum lutuk lo vawt lutuk lo a ni a, a nuam ham ham hle mai. Pawl hniam lama Land breeze leh Sea breeze kan zir fo kha a takin kan tawng ve ta. 

Kan chhehvel awmdan hi boruak siamtu (gas) hian a hril tlat a. An nihphung azirin a danglam thin chauh zawk a ni. Chutiang zirchianna chu Kinetic Theory of gas an ti a. Hetah hian temperature (lumna) leh pressure (nekna) chu molecule nihna hmangin an sawifiah ta a ni. A nihna takah chuan lumna leh neknate hi lakhran theih miah loh, inhne reng an ni a. Gas lamah phei chuan an chakna pawh a ni reng a ni. 

Kinetic Theory of gas intanna tak hi a la rei lo hle a. Mahse a bulthut tak erawh a rei ve tawh viau. Pu Boyle-an kum 1662-a a thil hmuhchhuah, ama hminga a phuah Boyle’s Law atang daih tawh khan a lo intan tawh a ni. Chumi hnuah chuan Pu Fourier-a te, Pu Carnot-a te, Pu Helmholtz-a te an lo lang ta zut mai a ni. 

Kum 1857 a lo nih meuh chuan Pu Clausius-a chuan gas hian tui (fluid) aiin an chet nat avanga tha an neihna hi a tam zawk a ni tiin paper a publish ta hmiah mai le. Hei hian Kinetic (chetna avanga chakna) lam zawnga thil lum leh vawt (heat) zirna a lo hring chhuak ta det det mai. A hma zawng zawng kha chuan Pressure (nekna) leh Temperature inlaichinna bak an buaipui ngai lem lo. Mihring tan hmasawnna turu lutuk a va ni em!

1860 a lo inher chhuah meuh chuan Pu Maxwell-a chuan Royal Society lamah paper mak dangdai tak a thehlut ta keuh mai. Chu thil chu engdang ni lovin Pressure, Temperature leh Kinetic Energy inlaichinna a ni tlat mai.  Sawi tawh angin kum 1857-ah Pu Clausius-a khan Kinetic Energy lam hawi a lo sawi det det a. Mahse ani khan Pu Maxwell-a ang em em chuan a hre ril lem lo. A hnu lawkah Pu Maxwell-a vek hian Kinetic Theory of Gas innghahna lungphum tur a lo lai chhuak ta a. Chu chu Laws of equipartition of Energy  tih a ni. Endiktute’n an hrethiam lo viau a, mahse Pu Maxwell-a paper a nihna avangin an publish ta hram a ni awm e. Kinetic Theory of gas innghahna lungphum -  Law of equipartition of energy a lo lang tan ta. 

Thupuiah kan lut tak tak dawn e!

Laws of equipartion of energy-ah chuan gas emaw, engpawh boruak (space) ah che ta se, a energy neih tam zawng kha degree of freedom pakhat zelah 1/2KT a nei tih a ni. Heta K hi Boltzmann constant a ni a, number a ni. Tin, T hi temperature a ni ve thung. He law hi Gas leh a kaihnawih zir nan chauh ni lo, Solid (gas aia sakhat zawk) zir nan pawh alo hmantlak zel a. Thil tangkai lutuk – Scientific discovery turu lutuk a va ni tehlul em! Quantum theory of Solids kha Pu Einstein-a khan bul a tan a. Mahse ani pawh khan he law hi a hmang tho a ni. Pu Maxwell-a thil hmuhchhuah hi vanhnuaia leng hringfate tan hian a lawmawm em em a ni.

Mahse mahse…

Mahse maw, thu lungchhiatthlak lutuk a awm tlat mai. Chu thil chu Scottish chhulchhuak, kum 1811-a piang, mathematics thiam hmingthang leh Heat (lumna) lam thiam tak, Pu Sir John Leslie-a zirtir  Pu JJ Waterstone-a chungchang hi mawle… Amah hi a pu ang bawkin Mathematics leh Heat lamah a tui hle mai a. Scotland leh a chhehvela kum engemaw zat a awm hnuah kum 1839 khan East India Company hnuaiah Naval Instructor ni turin kan vangkhua hi a lo thleng ve ta a. A awm chhung hian Bombay-ah deuh hlir hian a awm thin a ni awm e. 

Ani hian kan sawi tak Pressure, Temperature leh Kinetic Energy hian inlaichinna an neiin a hre tlat mai a. Chu mai a la ni lo, Pu Maxwell-a hmuhchhuah Equipartition of Energy pawh a ngaihtuah chhuak hial a ni. Tichuan a thil ngaihtuah chhuah chu a han ziak ve ta a. A ziah zawh meuh chuan kum 1845 a lo ni der tawh mai. Tichuan Bombay, India ram atang ngei hian Royal Society lamah a paper chu a thawn ve ta a. Pu Clausius-a aiin kum 12 zetin a hmasa zawk tihna a nih chu. A nihna takah chuan Pu Clausius-a paper engah Pu Maxwell-a khan Kinetic theory of gas leh a innghahna Equipartition of energy kha a hmuchhuak ve chauh zawk a ni. Pu Maxwell-a’n a hmuhchhuah kum kha 1860 a ni a; mahse Pu Waterstone-a khan kum 1845-ah daih a lo hmuchhuak tawh a. Chuti anih chuan kum 25 zetin an inthlau tihna a nih chu.

Thildang kan lo sawi leh hman a ni maw…

Tichuan Pu Waterstone-a chuan a paper duhawm tak – Kinetic Theory of gas lo chhuahna tur leh a innghahna lungphum turu lutuk Equipartition of energy  ziahna chu ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON lam a thleng tih kum 1845 vek khan a hre thei ta a. A lawm kher mai! A paper chu chhuah tlak a nih leh nih loh zirchiang turin endiktute (Referee) an kal khawm ta a. Mahse Pu Waterstone-a thil ngaihtuah chhuah leh a mathematics-te chu an hriatthiam pui lova, tuman an pawmpui ta hauh lo mai. Kinetic theory ang zawnga thil sawifiah kha a hun lai chuan thil mak a ni dawn reng a ni. Endiktute zing ami Mathematics thiam leh mi chal lang tak Pu Sir John William Lubbock phei chuan deusawh takin ama paper ah ngei chuan paper awmze nei lo tak a nih zia a ziak nghe nghe a ni. Tichuan chu paper chu archive lama paper publish tlak loh dahna thinah chuan an dah tha ta hmiah mai le!

Royal Society pawi tihna chu

Kum 1883 khan Kinetic Theory of Gas lama sulsutu mi ropui tak, mahse tukhawkha in an hriat tak loh Pu Waterstone-a chuan rihsang min lo kai san ta a. A thih atanga kum 8 vel a liam hnu, Mizoram lam pawhin Chanchintha  a hmu dawn tih velah a paper chu an haichhuak ta tlat mai. A haichhuaktu pawh tu dang ni lovin Pu Lord Rayleigh-a, Rayleigh Law of  Scattering hmuchhuaktu ngei kha a ni.  Pawi a ti hle a!  A hunlaia endiktute’n an hrethiam lo kha mak a tih rualin mak lo a ti bawk. A nihna takah chuan Pu Maxwell-a paper pawh kha a endiktu te’n an pawmpui vak lem lo, mahse Maxwell-a khan kuthnu a lo ngah tawh em avangin an publish sak ta chauh zawk kha a nia. 

Newtonian Mechanics hi Relativistic Mechanics lamin a luahlan ang deuh hian kan sawi tak Pu Waterstone-a thil hmuhchhuah hi Scientific breakthrough pawimawh lutuk a ni. A paper chu zah tak leh pawi ti tak chungin a hunlaia mithiam te’n a huhovin an zir tha leh a. Kum 1892 khan Royal Society chuan a thil tihsual hre reng chungin a publish sak ve leh ta a ni. 

Tuna kan thu khel mek hi Industrial Revolution tihmasawntu berte zing ami a ni. Science khawvelah chauh ni lo khawvel history-ah hun leh hmun pawimawh tawpkhawk changtu a ni. Kum 1750 atanga 1890 chhung kha hun danglam tak -  dai tawh ngai lo tur – Industrial Revolution hun a ni. Industrial Revolution malsawmna dawngtu kan ni a, Industrial Revolution awm hmaa khawvel awm dan a taka tawngtu kan ni lova, a pawimawhna leh a hlutna kan suangtuah thiam lo viau maithei. A hun laia hetiang lam hawi zawnga thiamna intlansiakna a nasatzia pawh kha turu tak a ni. Tin, a thiamte miin an ngaihlut dan tur pawh kan rin phak bak a ni ang. Mahse Pu Waterstone erawh a hun laia ngaihsan chu sawiloh, keini pawhin kan hre tawk tawk a ni sia le…

Titawp leh tawh mai ila…

Pu Waterstone-a hian Bombay Grand College ( Medical College) lama a khawsak laiin tuna kan sawi tak paper hi a ziak a. A sulhnu Wilson College (Bombay) lamah hmuh tur a awm nual bawk. Tun hnai atang khan Tata Institute of Fundamental Research hnuaia Homi Bhabha Institute of Science Education chuan India rama a awm lai chauh ni lovin ama chanchin hrim hrim hi an zirchiang (research) mek a ni. Chanchin lungchhiatthlak tak hi lo ngaichang ang u hmiang…