Nuclear Energy : Malsawmna nge Anchhia?

Nuclear Energy chu enge?

Thil engkim siamtu hi atom a ni tih kan hre theuh awm e. Chu atom chu electron, proton leh neutron belbawmin a siam leh a. Saihlum mum ang hian atom chu han suangtuah ta ila. A chhung laiah tak chuan proton leh neutron te chu te lutukin a inhlawmkhawm leh a, chu chu kan khawvelin (earth) ni (sun) a hel ang hian electron hian a helkual ta thin a ni. Proton leh neutron inhlawmkhawmin a siam chu nuclues tiin am hming an vuah a. Chumi awmzia chu electron chuan nucleus chu a hel thin tihna a nih chu. Chu nucleus chu Saihlum mum anga ngaih leh tur a ni. Mahse nuclues hi atom nena khaikhin chuan a te khawp mai . Entirna mawlmang tak pe chin teh ang: Nuclues chu baskeket ball tiat ni ta sela atom lenzawng chu a lai hawlhtlangin Km 60 chuang a ni daih dawn a ni. Thil mum tereuh te – nuclues chhungah chuan khawvela tha chak ber  – nuclear energy an tih chu Pathianin a dah a ni.

A nihna takah chuan keimahni taksa pawh hi atom siam vek a ni a mahse keimahni min siamtu atom chhunga proton leh neutron te hi chu an awm nghet (stable) em avangin tha chak tak – nuclear energy hi a lang chhuak lo mai chauh zawk a ni. Mihring taksaah hian iron, cobalt, copper, zinc, iodine, magnesium, sodium, calcium, nitrogen, oxygen, sulphur, chlorine, nickel, chromium, ldt.,  a awm a. Mahse vanneihthlak takin a chunga kan tarlan nucleus-te khian painhmang nghet tak (stable) an nei a , nuclear tha chakna an pe chhuak ngai lo a ni. Chutih lai chuan uranium, thorium, leh a dangahte  chuan nuclues chhung pianghmang hi a nget lo tak (unstable) a nei thung a . Chuvang chuan thazung chak tak – nuclear energy an pe chhuak thei ta thin a ni. Chu tha chak tak mai chu mithiam te’n mihring tana tangkai thei turin Nuclear power plant hmangin an sawngbawl leh ta a. Nclear Energy hmangin electric current (power supply) an siam chhuak ta a ni. Chu mai chu a la ni lo –  ram venhim nan leh ramdang run nan an hmang bawk a. India pawhin kum 1998 khan Pokhran thlalerah a nuclear bomb neih chu a lo enchhin tawh a nih kha.

Enge a thatna?

Thahrui a ngah bik: A chunga kan tarlan tawng angin uranium hian nuclear energy a pe chhuak thei kan tih tawh kha. Uranium Kg khatin thahrui a pekchhuah zat leh Lungalhthei Kg maktadua 2.7  pek chhuah theih zat nen a inhen a ni. Chumi awmzia chu Uranium tlemte-in thahrui tamtak kan nei thei dawn tihna a nih chu. Hemi avang hian a sawngbawl vel pawh a nawm phah deuh dawn tihna  a ni. A hlawk hle bawk.

Khawlum zel tur a veng: Kan awmna Lei (Earth) lum chak lutuk (Global warming) hi kan hre theuh turah ka ngai a. Hemi hi a chhan chu greenhouse effect vang a ni. Chu greenhouse effect thlentu chu greenhouse gas an ti a. Carbon dioxde, methane, tuihu (water vapour), ldt., hi a lar zual deuh a ni mai awm e. Chumi awmzia chu carbon dioxide hian Ni atanga lumna (heat) lo kal kha kan khawvel pawna chhuak lo turin a dang ta zel a ni. Lumna hi kan damkhawchhuah  nan kan mamawh a. Mahse tunah tak hian duh aiin a lum ta mah mah a. Tih hniam a ngai leh tawh zawk a ni. Chumi tihniam tur chuan greenhouse gas tih tlem a ngai ve leh ta thung a ni.

Lungalhthei, Petrol, Diesel, Khawnvartui, Thing, ldt., I hal apiang hian Carbon dioxide thahnem tak boruakah a leng chho ta thin a. Chu chuan khawlum a lo siam chhuak ta thin a ni. Motor I khalh a ni emaw Buhherkhawlah buh I her a ni emaw Thing I hal a ni emaw heng thil I tih apiang hian khawlum I tisang zel tihna a lo nih chu. Tin, India rama Electic Power kan neih zawng zawng hi 100 ni ta sela 64.2 chu Lungalhthei leh Diesel hmanga kan neih vek a ni (DAE, GOI, Electricty in India report). Chumi awmzia chu I in chhunga electric bulb pakhat I tihen khan khawlum chak zel tur I pui tihna a ni, a chhan chu bulb ti-eng turin carbon dioxide tamtak pekchhuah a ni miau a. Chuvang chuan power supply hi kan mamwhnaah chauh renchem takin kan hman thiam a tul thin a ni.

Ka sawi ta duah mai. Ka sawi tumah tak ka’n lut tawh ang e. A chunga ka sawi tak – greenhouse gas ang chi khi nuclear energy hian a pe chhuak ve lo. Chumi awmzia chu uranium atanga nuclear energy kan siam hian carbon dioxide tih vel a tel ve lo tihna a nih chu. Mahse Car emaw Bike emaw kan khalh chuan a chhuak chur chur si a ni. Sawi tak angin India ram mai ni lo khawvel pum huapa Power Supply kan hmuhna hian greenhouse gas thahnem tak a pekchhuah avangin pe chhuak ve miah lo – nuclear power hian thianghlim takin hna tha tam tak a thawk  thei zawk dawn a ni.

Coal, Diesel, Petrol, ldt., hi a zo thuai dawn: Coal, Petrol, Diesel, ldt., hi tun atanga kum 75 velah kan hmang ral vek dawn niin mi thiam te’n an chhut. Nuclear energy pe chhuak thei – uranium leh thorium te hi chu kan khawvelah hian a la tam em em a. An zo rih mai dawn lo. Chuvang chuan Nulcear tha chakna hman hian khawvela mihring chengte a tithlamuang thei dawn  a ni.

A thatlohna?  

Hriselna a tan a hlauhawm: Nuclear zungzam (radiation) hian kan taksaa hlo (chemical) pawimawh tak tak a tichhe thei a.  DNA, RNA leh kan taksa chhunga protein hnathawh kaihruaitute hnathawk thei lo turin a siam thei a ni. Natna hlauhawm tak cancer vei  a awl thin. Mizoramah pawh hi cancer kan vei tam chhan hi radiation tha lo kan ramah a tam a nih rinna a awm a. Chumi avang chuan Department of Atomic Energy Agency, GOI lam atangin project lian tham tak – Backgroud radiation tam lam tehna kan hmu hlauh mai a. Tunah hian research scholar pahnihtin an  bei mek a ni, Dr B Zoliana hnuaiah. Tuna a lan dan chuan background radiation awm tam zat hi a sang lo viau a ni awm e. Cancer kan vei chhan chu kan ei leh in, zuk leh hmuam fimkhur loh luat a nih an ring ta ber a ni. Taksa tana a hlauhawm avang hian Meghalaya state chuan an rama Unranium laihchhuah an la remti lo reng a ni, kumtin deuhthaw an la buai.

Nuclear waste (bawlhlawh) paihna lama harsatna: A hlauhawm tih chu kan pawm tlang vek ang a. Mahse mak deuh mai chu uranium emaw thorium emaw te hian kum maktaduai tam tak chhung anmahni-a awm zungzam chak tak (radiation) kha an la pe chhuak thei tlat a ni. Chumi awmzia chu Nuclear energy siam nana kan hman duh tawh lohte khan zungzam tha lo tak an pe chhuak reng tihna a nih chu. Chumi avang chuan duhna lai apiangah paih theih a ni lo. A chhan chu he zungzam (radiation) hian tawntlang (penetrate) theih loh a lo nei vak lo. Lei hnuai thuk takah phum ringawt mah ila a la hlauhawm tho dawn tihna a nih chu. Mizotawngin Suan (Lead) kan tih mai hi a tawntlang (penetrate) mawh deuh a. Chuvang chuan Suan hmangin chhah takin an tuam (seal) thin a, lei hnuaiah leh vur ramahte an phum tlangpui thin. Mahse hei hi a him lutuk bik miah lova a chhan chu kum engemaw zat hnuah zungzam kha a lo chhuak leh thei a ni. A nih loh paw’n lirhnging emaw tlangkang emaw avangin nuclear bawlhhlawh kan paih kha mihring tana hlauhawm turin a lo chhuak leh thei bawk.

Rikrum (accident) thilah a hlauhawm:  Khavelah hian Tlangkang te, Lingnghing te, Tsumani te, ldt., hi kan hmachhawn reng dawn a. Chung chuan Nuclear power siamna kha a tichhe thei tlat a ni. A tihchhiat chuan zungzam tha lo tak – mihring tana hlauhawm em em mai kha a pe chhuak dawn. Tunhnai lawk, kum 2011 khan Japan rama Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant Reactor chu Tsumani avangin a chhia a. Ram tan harsatna lian tak a siam a ni.

Khawvel pum huapa Nuclear Reactor accident langsar zual deuh chu – Mile Island (1979, USA), Chernobyl (1986, USSR), Jaslovské Bohunice (1976, Czechoslovakia), ldt. Chernobyl accident avang hian a tirah mihring 56 vel an thi nghal a. A dang zawngah hi chuan mi 10 an thi kai lo vek a ni. Mahse a nghawng chu na tak a ni thung. Accident thlen tawhna reng rengah hian cancer, piangsual leh natna mak tak tak a tam em em thin.

Nulcear Power Plant sawngbawlna hian greenhouse gas a pe chhuak nasa: Nuclear thahrui hian greenhouse gas kan tih ang chi ho khi a pe tel hauh lo a. Amaherawh chu nuclear chakna nei tura uranium an sawngbawlna: lei atanga laihchhuah (mining), thliar hran (milling) , transport, thazung pe tam thei tura bautsaihna(fuel fabrication, enrichment), power plant siam (reactor construction) , bawlhhlawh enkawl leh paih (decommissioning, waste management) hian hmanraw dang a hmang nasa hle a. An  hmanrua (motor, crane, ltd,.) hman chuan lungalhthei, diesel, ldt., a lo hmang ve leh a. Chumi chuan greenhouse gas tamtak a pe chhuak ta thin a ni.

Kum 2008 khan Environment lama mithiam Benjamin K Sovakool chuan Nuclear Power Plant lamin environment a tihchhiat nasat dan leh sik leh sa a tihdanglam dan a zir chiam mai a. Chuta a hmuhchhuah chu tui (water), ni sa (solar) leh thli (wind)  hmanga thachakna (energy) siam hi nuclear power siam aiin hautak viauin lang mah se a let 5 daihin a thlanawm zawk a ti a ni. Chumi awmzia chu sawngbawlna lamah tha leh zung an hmang nasa a, chumi chuan environment a tichhia a mai ni lova khawvel sik leh sa tidanglamtu greenhouse gas  a pe chhuak nasa tihn a a nih chu.

Ralthuam atan hman a ni tlat mai(Nuclear Proliferation): Einstein-an kum 1939 chho vela an President FD Roosevelt-a Nuclear Bomb siam tura lehkha a thawn khan USA chuan ‘Uranium Committee’ a din nghal a. Mahse US Sorkar khan a tirah chuan a ngaihven tha lo hle mai. Sum hman tur zat pawh $6,000 chauh a ni. Mahse Pearl Harbor bomb a nih hma December 6, 1941 khan Atom Bomb siam turin Manhattan Project chu US Army Corps of Engineers ami Major General Leslie Groves-a kaihhruaina hnuaiah tan a ni ta.  Chu an Bomb siam chuan Indopui pahnihna  titawp ta hial a nih kha. He mi hian kar lovah thil tha lo tak a hring chhuak ta a. Ram dangin hetiang rathuam hi an nei ve ta sup sup mai.

Einstein-a hian a nun khawngah inchhirna tur tamtak a nei ve a. A nupui hmasa ber nen an inneih tak tak hmain fanu pakhat an nei a. Mahse tun thleng hian an fanu chu a thi nge a la dam, tu leh fa a nei nge nei lo tih tuman an hre lo. Rin dan chuan Einstein-a khan midang a enkawl tir (adopt) a nih an ring.  Chuan a nupui hmasa ber, Mileva Maric chu a neih lai rengin Elsa Lowenthal a ngaihzawn san a. Elsa nen hian an inchhung hnai hle a. Einstein-a nu leh Elsa nu hi unau an ni a, tin an pate ve ve pa hi unau (first cousin) an ni bawk. Kum 1919 phei kha chuan an inthen hial a ni.

Elsa nen chuan an innei nghal mai a mahse ani a neih lai pawh hian a thianpa unau fanu Betty Neumann-i a ngaihzawn san leh daih mai. Physics khawvela thawhhlawk em em tu hi a kuthnu miin an zirin an zah leh zual em em thin. A thluak that zia leh turu bik zia hi a thil ngaihtuahchhuah zir hian a chiang leh zual. Mahse nupui laka rinawmna chungchangah erawh a turu lo hle mai. Inchhir chang tamtak a nei ve thin a ni awm e. Mahse Atom Bomb lo awm theihna tura hma la tu a nihna avanga a inchhirna chu a hmangaihtu hmangaih let thiam lo a nih thinna avanga inchhirna aiin  a tam fe zawk a ni awm asin. Chu bakah Theory of relativity a ngaihtuahchhuah kha Atom bomb (nulcear energy) siamchhuah nana formula pawimawh tawpkhawk a ni tlat bawk. Kum 1938-ah Nazi ho khan Uranium atom kha an phel thei ta si a. Atom bomb kha an siam a ring tlat a ni. FD Roosevelt-a lehkha a thawn kha pawi a ti bang thei lo a, a inchhir em em a ni.

America lamin Atom bomb an siam khan khawvel pum huapa harsatna chinfel ngai a siam nasa hle a. Nuclear ralthuam darh zel tur venna (Non-Proliferation Treaty) hial a lo piang a. Innghirnghona tha lo tak mai a chawk chhuak ta zut mai a ni. Heng ralthuam hlauhawm tak mai hi mi firfiak kan tih ho – pawisak nei miah lote kutah a awm palh a hlauhawm leh zual em em a ni. A nihna takah chuan Muslim ramte phei chuan an neih ve an hlau ngawih ngawih a ni. Tun hnaiah ram awm tha duh lo tak – North Korea leh Iran lamin nuclear ralthuam neih an tum mek a, ram hrang hranga hotute lu a tihai viau a nih hi maw.

Ngaihdan han siam teh le…

Ka thuziak thupui hi a lar hle a. Sawi nuam tak pawh a ni thin. Nuclear thazung pawimawhna hre pha chang chang te, Scientist turu tak tak te leh hruaitu lar tak tak te’n an sawi ho fo thin. Engkim mai hian thatna leh thatlohna an nei vek a. Entirnan: Chawhmeh channa chemte pawh hi a tangkai khawp mai. Choka lamah zai tur a awm hlek chuan kan hmang a, a tellovin kan  awm thei lo a ni e. Mahse tu emawin a thin hnun vih nan a hman vaih chuan tisa thihna piah lamah chatuana boralna a chang mai dawn  a ni. Chu Chemte chu tihpalh thil avang emaw lungawihlohna emaw avangin a chhe zawngin miin a hmang thei a ni tih hre khiau ila a tha awm e. Mihring hi chhia leh tha hria kan ni. Kan rui emaw kan thinrim viau emaw hian chhia leh tha hre lo angin kan awm thei. Chutianga kan awm chuan ramsa nen kan inang chiah tihna a ni mai. Nangmah ngeiin ‘Nuclear Energy hi anchhia nge a nih malsawmna’ tih chu lo chhang rawh le.